Analytical Modeling of Slot Leakage Inductance for Hairpin Windings
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: With the increasing demand for higher efficiency and power density, innovative winding techniques have become crucial in modern electric machines. Hairpin windings are increasingly used in electric machines, particularly in high-current applications. A novel analytical model is proposed to estimate slot leakage inductance in hairpin windings. Traditional models are limited to random windings, which fail to capture the complex mutual inductance between multiple coil layers. This paper derives a generalized model to estimate specific permeance and total mutual specific permeance for the hairpin windings, which are key factors in determining slot leakage inductance. The proposed model is also valid for fractional-pitch windings. The derived analytical model is validated through finite element analysis (FEA) on an electric motor similar to that employed in Tesla Model S. In addition, experimental validation is performed to further validate the proposed model. Furthermore, parametric analysis is conducted to analyze the influence of slot geometry and conductor dimensions on the slot leakage inductance. This paper contributes an accurate method for predicting slot leakage inductance in hairpin windings; this provides electrical machine designers with a valuable tool for precise modeling and optimization for improved efficiency and performance in various applications.
Source: Machines
Authors: Hasnain Nisar, Ali M. Bazzi
Institution: University of Connecticut
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7162034909