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Effects of Brain-Computer Interface-Controlled Hand Robot Training on Post-Stroke Recovery of Upper Limb Motor Functions: A Meta-Analysis of Dose-Matched Randomized Controlled Trials

Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: Objective: To systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of brain-computer interface (BCI)-controlled hand robot training on post-stroke motor functions, especially upper limb functions. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, WanFang Data, and VIP Database were searched from inception to 13 March 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with dose-matched designs were included, where the test group underwent BCI-controlled hand robot training and the control group received either pure hand robot training or routine rehabilitation. Meta-analysis was performed on RevMan 5.4. Results: Totally 11 RCTs involving 380 patients were included. Compared with hand robot training alone, BCI-controlled hand robot training significantly improved Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) scores (MD = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.04 to 8.69) and FMA-UE proximal scores (MD = 4.44, 95% CI: 0.15 to 8.74), and significantly reduced finger flexor spasticity (MD = −0.44, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.21), but showed no significant difference in distal upper limb motor function or Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores. Compared with routine rehabilitation, BCI-controlled hand robot training significantly improved FMA-UE scores (MD = 6.55, 95% CI: 3.49 to 9.61). Conclusions: BCI-controlled hand robot training can effectively improve overall upper limb and proximal motor function after stroke and alleviate finger flexor spasticity, but the evidence for distal hand function and long-term efficacy remains limited.
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci16060552
Language: English
Subfield: Rehabilitation
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,654
OpenAlex ID: W7162090696
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