Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: In this work, Podolsky theory, a second-order, Lorentz- and gauge invariant extension of classical electrodynamics, is considered. The effects of Podolsky’s modification on fundamental phenomena such as the Stefan–Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect for the electromagnetic field are investigated. The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is employed to describe quantum fields at finite temperature and under spatial confinement through its topological structure.
Authors: L. H. A. R. Ferreira, A. F. Santos
Institution: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,890
Awards: G22113365, G3690646728, G4032848402
OpenAlex ID: W7162186329