Defining the Scaling Factor N for the Helos Maximum Unit of Action
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: This preprint continues the development of the Helos framework by addressing the unresolved scaling factor N for the proposed Helos maximum unit of action. Using Dirac’s Large Number Hypothesis and D. Valev’s 2019 analysis as a baseline, the paper introduces the Snapshot Problem: the difficulty of distinguishing present-epoch cosmological ratios from invariant scaling parameters. It argues that many large-number relations based on the Hubble scale, cosmic age, or observable volume function as epoch-markers rather than fixed constants. Through comparison of possible time, length, and mass routes, the paper identifies the inferred dark matter mass as the only remaining current candidate for defining a fixed cosmic scaling factor. The resulting Helos unit values are derived and discussed in relation to finite-universe boundary conditions, large-number relations, and the possible structural role of dark matter.
Author: Wheeldon, Paul S
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7162214733
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