Experimental Performance Analysis and Thermal-Electrical Optimization of a Solar-Powered Peltier Refrigerator for Off-Grid Applications
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Access to efficient and affordable refrigeration remains a pressing challenge in off-grid communities, particularly across sub-Saharan African regions like Kano (Nigeria), where conventional compressor-based systems are costly, energy-intensive, and environmentally unsustainable. This study aimed to design and optimize a solar-powered thermoelectric refrigeration system using Peltier modules to provide an efficient and eco-friendly alternative for decentralized cold storage. The system was integrated with thermoelectric cooling modules (TEC1-12706 Peltier modules) with aluminum heat sinks, polystyrene insulation, and a 12 V solar photovoltaic power supply with a charge controller and battery backup to enhance thermal efficiency. Experimental tests were conducted in Kano State, Nigeria, over eleven months (August–June) under varying solar Irradiance (5.2–5.8 kWh/m²/day). Cooling performance was evaluated under no-load and load conditions at 10–300-minute intervals. Results showed consistent temperature reductions to 23–25°C, with faster cooling during high-irradiance periods and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.25-0.45. Design modifications improved overall performance by 34%. Despite lower efficiency compared to vapor-compression systems, the proposed model demonstrated significant advantages in operational simplicity, low maintenance, and environmental sustainability. The findings confirm the feasibility of solar-assisted thermoelectric refrigeration as a viable solution for vaccine preservation, food storage, and healthcare support in off-grid communities.
Source: UMYU Scientifica
Institution: Maitama Sule University Kano
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7162239928