Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We present results on dark energy evolution, assuming a time-dependent equation of state $w(a)=w_0+w_a(1-a)$, from growth and geometric probes using the full six-year Dark Energy Survey dataset: type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering (3$\times$2pt). The combination yields $w_0=-0.84^{+0.10}_{-0.10}$ and $w_a=-0.44^{+0.60}_{-0.55}$, the tightest constraints ever obtained from a single survey, with $2.2σ$ deviation from a cosmological constant. Adding the DESI DR2 BAO data yields $w_0=-0.84^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$ and $w_a=-0.53^{+0.33}_{-0.28}$, representing the most stringent low-redshift-only test of dynamical dark energy to date, with a $2.3σ$ deviation. In this combination, adding 3$\times$2pt doubles the constraining power. Finally, when combined with primary CMB information, we obtain $w_0=-0.82^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$, $w_a=-0.63^{+0.21}_{-0.18}$, with a $3.0σ$ deviation. We find that including 3$\times$2pt in the previously studied SN + DESI BAO + CMB combination leaves the significance essentially unchanged ($3.2 σ$ to $3.0σ$) while improving the figure of merit by $\sim$10\%. We systematically investigate the impact of leaving out each one of the probes and find that the significance of the deviation from a cosmological constant ranges from 2.3 to 3.2$σ$, with best-fit parameters consistently in the region $w_0 >-1$ and $w_a <0$. Excluding SN from the all data combination yields a $2.6σ$ departure from $Λ$CDM, providing a cross-check independent of supernova photometric calibration. These results support the weak preference for evolving dark energy reported by several recent cosmological analyses. By combining growth and geometric probes from a single survey, this work realizes the multi-probe dark energy program envisioned at the inception of DES.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: DES Collaboration, Abbott, T. M. C., Adamow, M., Aguena, M., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Alves, O., Amon, A., Anbajagane, D., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Armstrong, P., Avila, S., Beas-Gonzalez, J., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Burke, D. L., Camacho, H., Camacho-Ciurana, G., Camilleri, R., Campailla, G., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carr, A., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chan, K. C., Chang, C., Chen, R., Coloma-Nadal, J. M., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., d'Assignies, W., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. da Silva, Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Ferrero, I., Ferté, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., de Souza, D. Francis, Frieman, J., Galbany, L., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Giles, P., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Harrison, I., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huff, E. M., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeffrey, N., Jeltema, T., Kent, S., Kessler, R., Kovacs, A., Koyama, K., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lee, J., Lee, S., Legnani, E., Li, T. S., Liddle, A. R., Lidman, C., Lin, H., Lin, M., MacCrann, N., Marshall, J. L., Mau, S., McMahon, R. G., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Muir, J., Myles, J., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Ogando, R. L. C., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Popovic, B., Porredon, A., Prat, J., Qu, H., Raveri, M., Rebouças, J., Riquelme, W., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Rogozenski, P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosenfeld, R., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Samuroff, S., Sánchez, C., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Schutt, T., Scolnic, D., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Shah, N., Shah, P., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Sánchez, B. O., Tabbutt, M., Tarle, G., Taylor, G., Thomas, D., To, C., Cipriano, L. Toribio San, Toy, M., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vincenzi, M., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Whyley, A., Wilkinson, R. D., Wiseman, P., Yamamoto, M., Yanny, B., Yin, B., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J.
Institutions: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF NOIRLab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Trieste Astronomical Observatory, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, National Institute for Astrophysics, Institute of Space Sciences, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Michigan, The University of Tokyo, Princeton University, University of Chicago, University of Zurich, Australian National University, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Northeastern University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University College London, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, The University of Queensland, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, University of Genoa, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for High Energy Physics, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Emory University, Duke University, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Mitchell Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Université Grenoble Alpes, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Arizona, University of Waterloo, University of Oslo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, University of Sussex, Swinburne University of Technology, Cardiff University, University of Geneva, University of California, Santa Cruz, The Ohio State University, Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Lowell Observatory, Australian Astronomical Optics, University of Toronto, University of Lisbon, Simon Fraser University, University of Cambridge, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de physique des particules de Marseille, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Cincinnati, National Observatory, Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Perimeter Institute, Ruhr University Bochum, University of Copenhagen, Texas A&M University, ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Lancaster University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Stanford University
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, California Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, University of Cincinnati, University of Portsmouth, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, University College London, European Commission, University of Sussex, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Generalitat de Catalunya, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Office of Science, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University, Science and Technology Facilities Council, European Regional Development Fund, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, High Energy Physics, Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University, Argonne National Laboratory, Fermilab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, FP7 Ideas: European Research Council, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Awards: G1079818582, G1143651532, G122673668, G1255325603, G1265542407, G1286236842, Capitalizing on Gravitational Shear, G1313983767, G1328166135, G1451874870, G1453181110, G154696372, Testing the Dark Energy Paradigm and Measuring Neutrino Mass with the Dark Energy Survey, G1632040200, G1677143136, G1693976111, G1746333638, G1855990336, G1863003419, G1907584174, Track 4: Advanced CI Coordination Ecosystem: Monitoring and Measurement Services, G1993551506, G2048821276, G2064873908, G2233160401, G2262748287, G2290189609, G2309174360, G2401681081, G2462415295, G2554159582, G2601397997, G2636502879, G2638771445, G265847165, G2676722403, G2815302120, G2817899265, G282847690, G2848635288, G2885514473, G3005324705, G300979063, G302750986, G3083819904, G3154116105, G3207356259, G3251540411, G3261693824, G3339971651, G3439265645, G3467815775, G3480869486, G3518538256, G3522231704, G3523651922, G3562095311, G3562386289, G3648211085, G3681454997, G3685081974, G3715052068, G3784356304, G3803561910, The Dark Energy Survey Data Management Operations, G3906089732, G3927959030, G393177772, G3993056153, Track 1: ACCESS Resource Allocations Marketplace and Platform Services (RAMPS), G4010157413, G4042783231, G4104599821, G410571670, G419881185, G4248962021, G425668148, G42916606, G430777504, G4404904460, G4471177777, G4501827968, G451917667, Understanding the Origin of Cosmic Structure, G464105488, G4655338613, ACO: An Open CI Ecosystem to Advance Scientific Discovery (OpenCI), G4728539003, G4760961572, G4944594896, G496129201, G498139845, G5076365615, G5080475149, Track 3: COre National Ecosystem for CyberinfrasTructure (CONECT), G5098925467, G5104970374, G5178665745, G5252970658, G526230902, G5367127336, G5416399836, G5421974903, G5464919783, G5601225551, G5602398950, G5608897973, G5616713406, G5702163051, G5704573845, G585908603, G5955501538, G5967599077, G6128126499, G617610489, G6247045938, G6480793128, G6513613686, G6652958823, G6656126374, G6676276723, G6709186444, G6754955425, G6941735741, G716412294, G7257956838, G726318962, G7354628648, G7434936867, G745419941, G754761654, G759921648, G7731791180, G7788408655, G7835623888, G7915813472, G7954596376, Track 2: Customized Multi-tier Assistance, Training, and Computational Help (MATCH) for End User ACCESS to CI, G830101876, Collaborative Research: The Dark Energy Survey Data Management Operations, G8562358136, G86560745, G8851268641, G8920660035, G969889393
OpenAlex ID: W7162522154