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Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Temporal Trends of Brucella Detection Across Human and Animal Hosts in Bangladesh: A 25‐Year Meta‐Analysis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis

Abstract: ABSTRACT Background Brucellosis remains an important zoonotic disease in Bangladesh, yet evidence on its prevalence across human and animal hosts is fragmented and heterogeneous. Objectives This study aims to synthesize evidence on Brucella detection across human and animal hosts in Bangladesh and to evaluate associated study‐level factors and temporal patterns. Methods The data were extracted from eligible studies published between 2000 and 2024 following a systematic review framework. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I 2 statistics. Subgroup meta‐analyses and univariable meta‐regression were conducted to examine variation by host species, diagnostic method, and study‐level factors. Forecasting was performed using ARIMA models on annual study‐reported Brucella detection, with model performance evaluated using AIC, MAE, and RMSE. Results The pooled Brucella detection across hosts was 3.75% (95% CI: 3.07–4.56), with substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 89.5%). Detection was the highest in dogs (7.49%) and the lowest in horses (1.78%)). Among evaluated variables, abortion history was the only study‐level factorsignificantly associated with higher Brucella positivity, with aborted animals showing approximately 10 times higher odds of detection compared to non‐aborted animals (OR = 10.09, 95% CI: 4.64–21.93, p <0.001). Temporal patterns suggested a decreasing trend in goats and an increasing trend in cattle; however, these likely reflect variation in study design, diagnostics, and coverage rather than true epidemiological change. Conclusion Brucella exposure and detection persist across multiple host species in Bangladesh, with variation largely driven by methodological and host‐related differences. These findings underscore the need for standardized diagnostic and reporting approaches and support integrated One Health surveillance to improve interpretation and control strategies in Bangladesh.

Source: Veterinary Medicine and Science

DOI: 10.1002/vms3.71005

Authors: Radwan Raquib, Farhaj Ahammed Arnob, Riyadh Hossain, Ahsan Raquib, Tajul Islam Mamun

Institutions: Sylhet Agricultural University, Noakhali Science and Technology University

Language: English

Topic: Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment

Subfield: Small Animals

Field: Veterinary

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Zero hunger

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,880