Work

Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Steam-Exploded Ganoderma lucidum and Its Yield, Structural Characterisation, and Immunomodulatory Activity

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Polysaccharides are the primary bioactive constituents of Ganoderma lucidum. Nevertheless, the industrial potential of this species is constrained by the fact that yields are relatively low. The present study developed a technology and method of extracting polysaccharides from steam-exploded Ganoderma lucidum by enzymatic extraction, with the aim of increasing the yield. The yield of crude polysaccharide is 15.39%, which is 6.96 times that of the traditional water method (2.21%). A purified, homogeneous polysaccharide fraction, designated GLP-L, was isolated with a molecular weight of 5.59 × 106 Da. A detailed analysis of the chemical structure of the substance was conducted, and its immunomodulatory activity was thoroughly researched. A thorough investigation into the structural characteristics of GLP-L was conducted, yielding the following findings: GLP-L is composed of D-mannose (52.76 mol%), D-glucose (36.98 mol%), D-xylose (6.39 mol%), and D-galactose (3.87 mol%). The structure was characterised by methylation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the second step of the process, the following sequence of reactions occurs: 2)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-α-D-Xylp-(1→3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. The effect of GLP-L on immunomodulatory activity was evaluated through the RAW264.7 macrophage model, with the results showing an enhancement in phagocytic activity, immune-related enzyme activities, nitric oxide production, and cytokine secretion. The enzyme-assisted extraction method was demonstrated to enhance the yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, with the extract displaying noteworthy immunomodulatory activity. This provides a novel strategy for the production of polysaccharide immunomodulators.

Source: Molecules

DOI: 10.3390/molecules31111864

Authors: Jing Liu, Zhihao Yang, Jiamin Huang, Chong Sun, Lijing Chen, Zhenyuan Zhu

Institutions: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry

Language: English

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications

Subfield: Pharmacology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,258