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Prostate brachytherapy followed by secondary urethral adenocarcinoma: A case report

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Prostate brachytherapy carries a risk of secondary malignancies, with data regarding secondary urethral malignancies being particularly sparse. We report a case of secondary urethral adenocarcinoma presenting 14 years after low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. A 57-year-old man developed recurrent urethral stenosis after LDR brachytherapy for prostate cancer (2009). In 2023, subsequent resections confirmed HER2-positive, ERBB2-amplified urethral adenocarcinoma. After neoadjuvant oxaliplatin/capecitabine (CAPOX) therapy, he underwent cystoprostatectomy, urethrectomy, and ileal conduit. Pathology showed stage IIIB disease with negative margins. This case underscores a rare but severe complication of prostate brachytherapy, contributing to the clinical understanding of secondary urethral malignancies.

Source: Urology Case Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2026.103495

Authors: Daniel M. Callahan, Hayes W. Miller, Ryan L. Frazier, E. Charles Osterberg, Aaron A. Laviana

Institutions: The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas

Language: English

Topic: Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies

Subfield: Surgery

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,160