Universal Structural Laws of Self-Bound Systems on Multiple Scales: A Logical-Deductive Framework for Hierarchical Nesting
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Modern cosmology and particle physics rest upon two foundational assumptions: the cosmological principle of large-scale homogeneity and isotropy, and the Standard Model's treatment of fundamental particles as zero-dimensional, structureless mathematical points. Both assumptions have achieved remarkable calculational precision, yet they leave deep questions unanswered—the nature of dark energy, the origin of cosmic acceleration, the persistent Hubble tension, and the physical essence of fundamental particles.This paper presents a unified alternative framework: the Theory of Hierarchical Nesting. Rather than relying on the standard assumptions, we employ abductive reasoning to establish the foundational axiom. We propose the axiom of Hierarchical Nesting as the best explanation for the observed universality of systemic dependence across all accessible scales. This axiom, once adopted, allows us to derive five universal laws governing all self-bound systems, centered on the concept of Gravitational Order. We then develop a qualitative model of Hierarchical Gravitational Redshift, providing a coherent explanation for cosmological redshift, the Hubble relation, Type Ia supernova dimming, and the Hubble tension—all without invoking cosmic expansion, dark energy, or the Big Bang singularity. This framework yields a series of falsifiable predictions that differ significantly from the standard ΛCDM model and can be tested through future large-scale galaxy surveys and high-energy physics experiments.
Author: Tang, Jianhui
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7162798779
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