TFPI2 in tumor metastasis: a double-edged sword with clinical implications
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a serine protease inhibitor, plays a multifaceted role in tumor metastasis. Traditionally viewed as a metastasis suppressor, it inhibits extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. However, emerging evidence indicates that TFPI2 promotes tumor progression in glioblastoma, melanoma, and other cancers by fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, mediating pathological ECM remodeling, and enhancing angiogenesis and hematogenous dissemination. Notably, even within the same metastatic cascade, TFPI2 exhibits divergent expression patterns and context-dependent opposing functions, acting either as a metastasis suppressor or promoter. This review summarizes its context-dependent regulatory mechanisms, investigates the underlying basis from structural duality, microenvironmental heterogeneity, and receptor differences, and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target. Future research should elucidate spatiotemporal microenvironmental dynamics to support early screening and precise intervention.
Source: Cancer Biology & Therapy
Authors: Zhanli Guo, Yuanke Luo, Jinyu Wen, Yifang Jiang, Qixuan Kuang, Qiong Ma, Chuan Zheng, Xueke Li, Fengming You, Xi Fu
Institution: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Cancer Research
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,970
OpenAlex ID: W7162872907