A Layered Structural Theory of Prime Growth: Integer Layers, Transition Dynamics, and Boundary Chaos
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper introduces a layered structural framework for studying prime growth through the integer part of the normalized prime ratio floor(p_n / n). The central idea is that the prime-index sequence can be decomposed into stable integer layers, revealing a previously unexplored level of structural organization within prime numbers. The framework introduces and studies several structural quantities, including: • Integer layers T_k• Layer lengths L_k• Transition points τ_k• Boundary-chaos measures B_k• Oscillation widths W_(k,j)• Sign-change dynamics N_sign An empirical law is proposed for the integer part of the prime ratio, achieving approximately 99.687% accuracy on the first 10,000,000 prime indices. Additional empirical laws are developed for layer lengths and transition points, providing a coherent geometric description of the layered hierarchy. The work further develops a multi-scale structural chain linking local prime-gap fluctuations to large-scale layer organization: Prime gaps → Threshold probabilities → Sign changes → Oscillation widths → Boundary chaos → Transition points → Layer lengths → Integer layers Numerical experiments support the existence of stable integer layers, systematic layer growth, predictable transition behavior, and asymptotically localized boundary-chaos regions. The framework is presented as a structural complement to existing approaches in prime-number theory, including the Prime Number Theorem, Cipolla-type asymptotic expansions, Rosser–Schoenfeld bounds, and probabilistic prime-gap models. Rather than replacing these theories, the framework seeks to describe an additional level of organization that emerges within the prime-index sequence. Several components of the framework remain empirical and exploratory, and the paper identifies multiple open problems requiring future theoretical investigation.
Author: Hammoud, Osama
Language: English
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7162942798
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