Comparative Study on Synthesis of Anisole (Methoxybenzene) From Phenol Using Conventional Williamson Ether Synthesis Ans Green Chemistry Approaches
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: : This study presents a comparative investigation of the synthesis of anisole (methoxybenzene) from phenol using conventional Williamson ether synthesis and green chemistry approaches. The conventional method involves base-catalyzed O-methylation under reflux conditions, which, although effective, requires prolonged reaction time, high energy input, and the use of hazardous reagents. To address these limitations, green synthesis techniques such as microwave-assisted and light-assisted (photochemical) methods were explored as sustainable alternatives. The microwave-assisted method enables rapid and uniform heating, significantly reducing reaction time and improving yield while minimizing solvent usage. Similarly, the light-assisted approach utilizes ultraviolet or visible light as a clean energy source, allowing the reaction to proceed under mild conditions with lower energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. All three methods were systematically compared based on parameters such as reaction time, percentage yield, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The results indicate that green chemistry approaches, particularly microwave-assisted synthesis, offer superior efficiency with reduced reaction time and improved sustainability compared to the conventional method. Light-assisted synthesis also demonstrates promising results under mild conditions. The synthesized anisole was characterized using standard analytical techniques such as IR and NMR spectroscopy to confirm its structure and purity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of green chemistry methodologies to replace traditional etherification processes, promoting safer, energy-efficient, and environmentally benign practices in organic synthesis.
Authors: Sange, Rushda Zubair, Kharbragade, Urmila
Language: English
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7163400416