Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Selected Facilities of O.R. Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to its high prevalence, mortality, and economic impact. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has intensified this burden, posing significant challenges to disease control and management. Understanding the epidemiology of DR-TB is crucial for improving prevention strategies, guiding treatment interventions, and informing public health policies aimed at reducing its spread and impact. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with DR-TB between January 2020 and December 2024 at DR-TB Clinics in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Data on demographic, clinical, and treatment outcome variables were collected using a structured abstraction tool. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 385 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 38.6 years. Males accounted for 62.3% of cases. Most participants (94.3%) resided in rural areas, and 62% were HIV-coinfected. Rifampicin-resistant TB was the most common type (51%), followed by MDR-TB (38%). A significant association was observed between age and HIV status (p = 0.001). Treatment outcomes showed that 40.8% of patients were cured, while 11.7% died, with mortality highest among older and HIV-positive patients. Comorbidities reported included hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: DR-TB in O.R. Tambo District disproportionately affects young adults, males, and HIV-positive individuals, with suboptimal treatment outcomes and a substantial comorbidity burden. Strengthened integrated TB/HIV care, early diagnosis, and targeted rural interventions are needed to improve DR-TB outcomes in this setting.
Source: Epidemiologia
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,448
OpenAlex ID: W7163544603