Work

A Comprehensive Review of Spina Bifida: Pathophysiology, Etiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Inadequate closure of the neural tube during embryonic development results in spina bifida, a congenital neural tube defect. It can cause neurological and physical impairments by affecting the spinal cord. Meningocele, spina bifida occulta, and the most severe variant, myelomeningocele, are the primary forms. Its development is influenced by environmental, dietary, and genetic factors, particularly folic acid deficiency. Developmental delay, bowel and bladder problems, and muscle weakness are typical symptoms. Alpha-fetoprotein tests and ultrasonography are used for prenatal diagnosis. Antibiotics, hydrocephalus therapy, foetal surgery, and orthopaedic care to enhance mobility and quality of life are all part of management.

Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20610065

Author: Jai Bharti1*, Ms. Sweta Thakur2, Dr. Abhishek soni3, Dr. Chinu Kumari4, Kamna Sharma5, Jatin Chouhan6, Harsh7

Language: English

Topic: Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7164000209

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