Work

Structure-based prokaryotic transcription shapes adaptation and host–invader interplay

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Prokaryotic gene regulation is governed by the dynamic conformation of the transcription machinery and the nucleoid. To navigate environmental fluctuations, prokaryotes reprogram RNA polymerase (RNAP) via σ factors and transcription factors (TFs) that remodel DNA conformation. Bacteriophages, in turn, exploit these mechanisms to hijack host gene expression. This review dissects recent structural insights into transitions governing transcriptional regulation, highlighting that both TFs and nucleoid-associated proteins act as 'architects' to remodel DNA structure, thereby blurring the traditional distinction between site-specific regulators and global genome organizers. By linking RNAP and DNA remodeling to broader prokaryotic conflicts, from stress adaptation to arms races between hosts and mobile genetic elements, the authors underscore the profound biological impact of perturbing prokaryotic transcriptional architecture.

Source: Trends in Microbiology

DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.05.012

Authors: Siying Huang, Dongchang Sun

Institution: Zhejiang University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

Subfield: Genetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $7,030

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Research and Development, Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province