Intermediate States in Chaotic Triple Evolution and Applications to Black Hole Merger Statistics
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Three-body interactions exhibit phases of strong chaotic evolution as well as hierarchical motion where one body separates from a binary and follows a hyperbolic or elliptic trajectory around it. The binaries produced during phases of hierarchical motion may lead to gravitational wave (GW) inspirals, but this depends on the outcomes of the chaotic states. In this paper we re-derive the elliptic outcome distribution using equilibrium statistical mechanics and explore it together with the hyperbolic distribution. When comparing to N-body simulations, we find that we can reduce the elliptic outcome model to one free parameter instead of the previously used two and that the predicted disintegration probabilities agree except for very low angular momentum triples. We then use both outcome distributions along with a star cluster model to design a Monte Carlo algorithm for repeated binary-single scatterings within dense star systems. We explore star cluster masses of $[10^5 - 10^7] M_{\odot}$, with the goal of quantifying observably eccentric merger (OEM) GWs, visible to instruments such as LIGO and Virgo. Assuming an OEM detection sensitivity of $f_{\rm min}=10 {\rm Hz}, e_{\rm min} = 0.1$, we find the elliptic OEMs are about $\sim (32 - 63)\%$ of the total elliptic mergers and that the total cluster mass greatly impacts the fraction of ejected binaries. The OEM to total merger fraction (OEM fraction) is found to be $(2.6 - 4.4)\%$. Considering the detection sensitivity that GW interferometers have today $(f_{\rm min} \simeq 34.4 {\rm Hz})$ we obtain the OEM fraction in the $(1.6 - 3.1)\%$ range.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: CONSTRAINING THE HISTORY OF STAR CLUSTER EVOLUTION USING A DIFFUSION-BASED ANALYTIC MODEL FOR THREE-BODY INTERACTIONS, NUCLEO MILENIO TECNOLOGIA Y INVESTIGACION TRANSVERSAL PARA ESTUDIAR AGUJEROS NEGROS, G3746299476, CENTRO DE ASTROFISICA Y TECNOLOGIAS AFINES, CENTRO DE EXCELENCIA EN ASTROFISICA Y TECNOLOGIAS AFINES., CENTRO DE ASTROFISICA Y TECNOLOGIAS AFINES (CATA)
OpenAlex ID: W7164332674