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The Gut–Vagina Axis

Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: The gut-vagina axis has emerged as a growing area of interest in female health due to its potential role in mediating physiological processes via interactions between distinct microbiomes, including microbial migration, hormonal and immune regulation, and metabolite exchange. Recent advances in microbiome research suggest bidirectional communication between gut and vaginal communities, with potential effects on microbial composition, immune responses, hormonal balance, and metabolic activity in both sites. In this review, we outline the most promising features of the gut-vaginal relationship, emphasize the significance of their plausible bidirectional communication, and discuss how these interactions may affect local and systemic health.
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14061327
Authors: Lorenzo Agoni, Elena Roselletti, Giovanni Marasco, Canio Martinelli, Eva Pericolini, Francesco De Seta
Institutions: Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, University of Exeter, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Bologna, University of Messina, Temple University, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,258
OpenAlex ID: W7164741028
FWCI: 5.45
Cites: 240
Cited by: 10
Related to: 10