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Comparative osteogenic performance of Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived versus Escherichia coli -derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Aims Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is used clinically for bone regeneration. The Food and Drug Administration-approved clinical product (Infuse) is Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived, but Escherichia coli (EC)-derived rhBMP-2 may offer manufacturing advantages. This study compared CHO- and EC-derived rhBMP-2 potency in vitro and in vivo. Methods Four EC-derived rhBMP-2 preparations were screened using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays in C2C12 and W20-17 cells. The most potent (EC-MAX) was compared to CHO-rhBMP-2. A total of 15 male athymic rats received bilateral absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) implants loaded with 17 µg rhBMP-2 (CHO or EC-MAX) in muscle pouches for four weeks. Bone formation was assessed by radiography, micro-CT, and histology. Results EC-MAX showed 2.2-fold higher osteogenic activity in W20-17 cells and 1.3-fold in C2C12 cells versus CHO-rhBMP-2. In vivo, EC-MAX produced ~ ten-fold greater bone volume (88.5 mm³ (SD 12.8) vs 9.2 mm³ (SD 5.4)) and tissue volume (203.3 mm³ (SD 47.9) vs 15.0 mm³ (SD 8.8)). Histology confirmed more mature bone architecture in EC-MAX implants with adipocyte-filled marrow spaces. Conclusion Potency cannot be generalized across products. Inter-supplier potency variation exists among EC-derived rhBMP-2 products. EC-MAX demonstrated superior osteoinductive potential both in vitro and in vivo versus CHO. However, substantial variability highlights the need for product-specific characterization. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2026;15(6):686–695.
DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.156.bjr-2025-0400.r2
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,594
OpenAlex ID: W7164832177
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Cites: 27
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