Work

Dual-mode rapid hemostatic materials composed of gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose for non-compressible bleeding in spinal surgery

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Spinal surgery, particularly spinal decompression and fusion surgery, commonly encounters intraoperative bleeding. Deep bleeding in the narrow operative area (e.g. bone marrow cavity and venous plexus) is a significant challenge for achieving accurate hemostasis with traditional strategies, posing a life-threatening risk. Herein, a novel dual-form hemostatic material (CMC-Gelatin, CG) composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gelatin is developed for non-compressible hemostasis in spinal surgery. For minor bleeding, CG in powder form reduces blood loss by 69.06% within a mouse bleeding model, demonstrating hemostatic efficacy comparable to that of the commercial Surgicel® powder, while exhibiting superior cytocompatibility. Notably, CG powder rapidly forms an injectable gel upon mixing with saline, making it suitable for severe bleeding in a confined space during spinal surgery. Specifically, in a pig paraspinal microvenous hemorrhage model, CG gel exhibits excellent hemostatic performance, reducing blood loss by 78.44% compared with the untreated group. Importantly, CG demonstrated a comparable hemostasis time and reduced blood loss in vivo compared to the commercial Surgiflo®. The designed CG materials exhibit outstanding hemostatic properties in deep, narrow areas, making them a promising hemostatic material in spinal surgery.

Source: Regenerative Biomaterials

DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbag135