Work

Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Mimicking a High-Grade Glioma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background and Clinical Significance: Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis (TMS) represents a rare and diagnostically challenging form of demyelinating disease characterized by large space-occupying lesions that can closely mimic intracranial neoplasms, abscesses, and other inflammatory or vascular conditions. Case Presentation: The case highlights the overlapping radiologic features that frequently lead to diagnostic uncertainty and underscores the importance of careful interpretation of multimodal imaging and ancillary studies. Overall a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation is essential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and avoid unnecessary invasive interventions. Conclusions: This review summarizes current evidence regarding the diagnostic approach, imaging characteristics, and therapeutic strategies for tumefactive demyelinating lesions. Additionally, we present a clinical case that illustrates the diagnostic complexity of this entity, in which neuroimaging findings and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported a demyelinating rather than neoplastic process.

Source: Reports — Medical Cases Images and Videos

DOI: 10.3390/reports9020188

Authors: Maria P. Fernandez-Gomez, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Jesus Francisco Saltaren Fonseca, Guillermo de Jesus Aguirre Vera, Willem Calderon Miranda, Jose Valerio

Institutions: Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Larkin University, Palmetto General Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,689