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Phase Transition of the Optico-Hydrodynamic Vacuum (OHV) as a Dynamic Resolution of Black Hole Singularity

Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: General Relativity (GR) is extremely successful on macroscopic scales, yet it predicts unphysical singularities at the centers of black holes. Within the phenomenological model of the Optico-Hydrodynamic Vacuum (OHV), gravity is treated not as metric curvature but as a local gradient of an effective vacuum viscosity eta_grav(r) = GM / (r * c^2). In the weak-field limit, this dissipation reproduces the standard gravitational redshift Delta E / E approx -GM / (r * c^2) observed in Solar-System experiments, without any free factors. We show that the saturation limit of the medium (eta = 1, i.e., 100% dissipation) triggers a vacuum phase transition (crystallisation), halting collapse at the critical radius r_OHV = GM / c^2 = r_S / 2. Although the physical boundary of the Black Star lies at r_S / 2, the extreme refractive-index gradient of the viscous vacuum acts as a gravitational super-lens, bending photon trajectories so severely that the observed optical shadow matches the dimensions measured by the Event Horizon Telescope for M87* and Sgr A*. This eliminates the mathematical singularity and produces a macroscopic compact object — the Black Star — with a mass-dependent finite density rho_OHV = 3 * c^6 / (4 * pi * G^3 * M^2). Since baryonic matter is itself a saturated phase of the vacuum substrate in the OHV framework, setting rho_OHV = rho_nucl as a self-consistency requirement analytically predicts a critical mass for black hole formation of M_crit approx 25.4 Solar Masses, consistent with the dominant population of stellar-mass black holes detected by LIGO/Virgo. The model further predicts a frequency-dependent dispersion of gravitational redshift in ultra-strong fields, absent in standard GR.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20710521
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7164926616
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