Work

Beyond energy density: Multi-criteria assessment of inorganic cathode materials for electrochemical energy storage

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The assessment of cathode materials for electrochemical energy storage has traditionally focused on specific capacity, operating voltage, and energy density. However, the transition from laboratory-scale performance to large-scale deployment requires broader evaluation criteria. In this work, a transparent, literature-informed multi-criteria framework is developed for the comparative assessment of representative inorganic cathode materials. The framework combines electrochemical performance with cycle life, safety, resource availability, supply-chain criticality, carbon footprint, and recyclability, and interprets the results through semi-quantitative scoring and alternative weighting scenarios. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing resource availability from supply-chain concentration, since a cathode chemistry may be technically competitive while remaining strategically exposed to upstream extraction, refining, or precursor bottlenecks. The analysis shows that broader deployment-oriented ranking can differ substantially from performance-only comparisons and helps identify cathode materials with more balanced sustainability and resilience profiles. The proposed framework is intended as a structured decision-support tool for comparing established and emerging cathode chemistries in future electrochemical energy storage.

Source: Journal of Energy Storage

DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.123226

Authors: Nikolay Hinov, Plamen Stanchev, Reni Kabakchieva

Institution: Technical University of Sofia

Language: English

Topic: Advancements in Battery Materials

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,560