Work

Dynamics of Microbial Community, Physicochemical Properties, and Flavor Metabolites in Huangshui During Strong-Flavor Baijiu Fermentation

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Huangshui (HS) is a key byproduct of Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu (a traditional distilled spirit) fermentation. This study investigated microbial succession and flavor formation across five key fermentation stages using high-throughput sequencing, physicochemical analysis, and untargeted GC-MS. The results show that Lactobacillus dominated the bacterial communities, while Thermoascus, Aspergillus, and Candida were core fungal genera. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified acidity, available phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen as the primary physicochemical drivers of microbial succession. Untargeted metabolomics detected 300 volatile compounds, with 29 discriminant volatile metabolites (VIP > 1.0 or p < 0.05), mainly enriched in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways associated with Lactobacillus, Thermomyces, Wickerhamomyces, and Kazachstania. These findings establish a link among physicochemical properties, microbiota assembly, and flavor metabolism, providing potential targets for optimizing Baijiu fermentation quality.

Source: Fermentation

DOI: 10.3390/fermentation12060290

Authors: Zhongying Zhai, Xiannian Zhu, Yong Wan, Qing Zheng

Institution: Shaoyang University

Language: English

Topic: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis

Subfield: Food Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,534

Funders: Education Department of Hunan Province, Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province