Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We report the unique properties of cosmic phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), argon (Ar), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) fluxes in the GV to TV rigidity range collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station. With a total of one million events collected over 13.5 years, we observed that the rigidity dependencies of the five fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. The abundance ratios of all five elements to Si at the source are accurately determined independent of cosmic ray propagation. The source abundance of Ar and Ca (even-Z elements) is larger than P, Cl, and K (odd-Z elements). The secondary components of the P and the Cl fluxes are each ∼1/3 of the F flux, and the secondary components of the Ar, K, and Ca fluxes are each ∼1/2 of the F flux. The twenty elements measured by AMS, from He to Ca and Fe, can be categorized into four classes, two primary and two secondary, based on their rigidity dependence.
Source: Physical Review Letters
DOI: 10.1103/d2vf-fw3v
Authors: A. Aceituno, M. Aguilar, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderson, J. Antunes, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barao, M. Barbanera, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, R. Battiston, A. Bayyari, N. Belyaev, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, C. Brugnoni, W. J. Burger, H. Y. Cai, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, J. Cassidy, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Y. X. Cui, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, F. D’Angelo, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, M. Dotson, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Ellison, F. Faldi, D. Fehr, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, R. J. García-López, A. Galdames, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, T. T. Ge, M. Gervasi, L. E. Ghezzer, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, R. Guidetti, C. Guan, Z. H. He, B. Heber, F. Hernández-Nicolás, L. Höfer, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Ionica, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, T. Kappe, E. Karadöller, G. Karagöz, J. Kastelic, Th. Kirn, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. H. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. L. Li, Z. H. Li, P. Liao, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, P. C. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, J. Z. Luo, Q. Luo, S. D. Luo, Xi Luo, C. Mañá, J. Marín, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, Y. Najafi Jozani, R. Nicolaidis, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, D. Pelosi, S. Pensotti, D. Perez, P. Pietzcker, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, D. Pridöhl, N. Puccetti, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, M. M. Rafiei, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, E. Robyn, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Romaneehsen, F. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, A. Shukla, T. Siedenburg, A. Siemko, G. Silvestre, D. Schledewitz, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, A. Strekalovsky, L. Strigari, A. Stuzhin, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, L. Tabarroni, M. Tacconi, Z. C. Tang, J. J. Teoh, J. Tian, Ye Tian, Y. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, A. Ubaldi, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, P. Väisänen, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, E. Van Hove, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. C. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. M. Wang, M. Waqas, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, Z. B. Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, Y. Z. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Z. X. Yan, H. T. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. H. You, M. Yu, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, B. Q. Yuan, C. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. W. Zhao, Z. M. Zheng, H. F. Zhou, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, L. K. Zou, M. Zuberi, P. Zuccon
Institutions: Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Shandong University, LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, University of Lisbon, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Trento, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Hawaii System, University of Perugia, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, University of Groningen, Sapienza University of Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, University of Geneva, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, National Central University, Academia Sinica, Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhejiang University, RWTH Aachen University, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Middle East Technical University, Université Grenoble Alpes, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata, Southeast University, Southeast University, Sun Yat-sen University, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of Milano-Bicocca, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, University of Oulu, University of Maryland, College Park, Beihang University, University of Turku, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Cheng Kung University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,750
Funders: National Science and Technology Council, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, CERN, Strong, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Academia Sinica, Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial, Academy of Finland, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Government of Guangdong Province, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Government of Jiangsu Province, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, China Scholarship Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, RWTH Aachen University, National Cheng Kung University, Università degli Studi di Perugia, National Science and Technology Council, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Marshall Space Flight Center, Johnson Space Center, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institute of High Energy Physics, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, High Energy Physics, Government of Shandong Province
Awards: G122673668, G1286236842, G1303340219, G1632040200, G1863003419, G196419191, G2138380992, G2226828928, G2236900332, G2262748287, G2304402351, Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Solar Energetic Particles, Solar Neutrons, and a New Space Weather Facility in Hawaii, G2433125756, G2881958680, G3083819904, G3137197751, G3264770651, G3418723537, G3480869486, G3952980806, G425668148, G4506554729, G4816950887, G503941229, Toward a New Era in Particle Astrophysics: Search for Antinuclei and Reduction of Critical Uncertainties in Antinuclei Production and Propagation, G5314664509, G5385376234, Colaboração na experiência AMS da estação espacial internacional para detecção de raios cósmicos de energia intermédia, G5815092121, G6024799018, G6113667784, G6153524669, G6206265071, G6337622905, G6421412781, G6441287156, G6447494072, G6649312515, G6653886123, G6708946724, G704498496, G7327661330, G7475212056, G759921648, G761710154, G7964477102, G8103039852, G8270978399, G8441004719, Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Solar Energetic Particles, Solar Neutrons, and a New Space Weather Facility in Hawaii, Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Solar Energetic Particles, Solar Neutrons, and a New Space Weather Facility in Hawaii, G969889393
OpenAlex ID: W7165029890