Work

Powering the Future: A Review of PV and Wind Turbine Technologies from Component Modeling to System Coordination

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The integration of photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems into modern power grids demands not only accurate component-level models but also a holistic understanding of their coordinated operation. This review bridges the gap between low-level device physics and high-level system coordination, offering a dual perspective often overlooked in existing surveys that treat generation and management separately. We systematically analyze PV models, from single-diode equivalent circuits to data-driven approaches, and WT models, ranging from aerodynamic and mechanical representations to simplified electrical equivalents suitable for stability studies. Critically, we then shift focus to the system level by examining energy management systems (EMS) that enable hybrid PV–WT coordination. Unlike prior reviews that emphasize either component accuracy or dispatch strategies alone, this paper highlights the emerging synergy between hybrid PV–WT modeling and EMS architectures. By identifying mismatches between model fidelity and EMS requirements, this review maps a pathway towards more integrated hybrid renewable systems. The discussion synthesizes key trade-offs in scalability, uncertainty handling, and real-time feasibility, underscoring that true potential is unlocked only through intelligent integration of component models and control architectures.

Source: Applied Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/app16126127

Authors: Levon Gevorkov, Daniel Henríquez Alamo, José Luis Domínguez-García, Lluis Trilla, Paula Arias

Institutions: Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias

Language: English

Topic: Power Systems and Renewable Energy

Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology

Field: Energy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896