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DSD-Mamba: Dual-Stream Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Imagery via Dense-Sparse Fusion

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: High-resolution remote sensing image segmentation is important for urban mapping but remains challenging because of spectral ambiguity, large scale variations, fragmented elongated structures, and background interference. This study aims to improve semantic segmentation in complex aerial scenes by combining local feature extraction, selective multi-scale fusion, and global sequence modeling. We propose DSD-Mamba, an asymmetric dual-stream architecture with a ResNet-18 encoder. The Dense-Sparse Pyramid Fusion Module aligns multi-level features and applies dual Top-k selective value aggregation for cross-scale response filtering and background-response suppression. This Top-k operation is used as a feature-selection mechanism and is not intended to reduce the theoretical memory footprint of dense attention. Scale-Aware Strip Attention refines skip connections through horizontal and vertical dependency modeling, and the Dual-Stream Context Decoder combines a Mamba-based global branch with a CNN-based local branch during upsampling. Experiments were conducted on UAVid, ISPRS Vaihingen, and ISPRS Potsdam under a single-model inference protocol without test-time augmentation. DSD-Mamba achieved mIoU scores of 73.4%, 85.2%, and 87.2%, respectively. Ablation experiments on Vaihingen showed that DSPFM, SASA, and DSCD improved performance over the baseline when evaluated in this setting, with the full model reaching the highest mIoU. The method improves segmentation accuracy under the tested protocols, although its higher FLOPs indicate an accuracy-oriented rather than lightweight design.
Source: Sensors
DOI: 10.3390/s26123864
Institution: Xinjiang University
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W7165037951
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