Work

Implementation of Open PCR System for the Detection of TB/DR-TB and NTM in Sputum Samples from Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Medan, Indonesia

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: (1) Background: Indonesia faces the dual challenge of a high tuberculosis (TB) burden and increasing drug resistance. Conventional molecular diagnostics frequently fail to detect isoniazid resistance and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This study evaluates a domestic multiplex Open PCR system in Medan, Indonesia. (2) Methods: From July to November 2025, 1569 sputum specimens from suspected TB patients were analysed using the Indigen MTB/NTM/DR-TB Real-time PCR Kit Gen 2. (3) Results: Mycobacterial DNA was detected in 421 specimens (26.8%). Among these, 396 (94.1%) were drug-susceptible TB, while 16 (3.8%) showed resistance, predominantly INH mono-resistance (n = 14; 0.89% of total). Additionally, 9 cases (2.1%) involved NTM or TB-NTM co-infections. Tertiary hospitals showed significantly higher positivity rates (33.5%) than primary care (18.9%; p < 0.001). TB status was significantly associated with male (p = 0.0052) and older age (p = 0.006), whereas resistance profiles and NTM distribution were consistent across all demographic groups (p > 0.80). (4) Conclusions: This study describes the implementation and diagnostic yield of a domestic multiplex Open PCR system in Medan, Indonesia. By bridging diagnostic gaps across a decentralized referral network, this facilitates rapid and targeted therapy. Integrating multiplex domestic innovations into national diagnostic algorithms is essential for achieving Indonesia’s TB elimination targets.

Source: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed11060168