Work

The shift paradigm in photovoltaic reliability: A critical review of degradation

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Over time, photovoltaic (PV) systems have spread globally, with long-term reliability being a crucial element for the economic viability of solar energy. However, numerous approaches in the field of research and commerce address failures that cause module degradation, such as micro-cracks, Potential-Induced Degradation (PID), delamination, and corrosion, among others, as independent phenomena. This analysis reveals that, due to the fragmented perspective where each fault is considered individually, it fails to capture the system's nature and the interrelations between detected faults in real-world arrangements. This study, based on a systematic review of 111 peer-reviewed investigations, uses the PRISMA methodology and a bibliometric map (using VOSviewer) to examine the predominant fault paths and their interrelationships. The analysis indicate that deterioration occurs through interrelated cascades -mechanical, chemical, polymeric, and electrical- where one mode of failure tends to trigger or accelerate others. These cascades are rarely captured by standardized tests, yet they govern field performance outcomes. In addition, the analysis reveals significant gaps in research and field circumstances, as well as long-term uncertainty regarding novel materials and the demand for predictive diagnostics. The present article proposes, by reinterpreting photovoltaic reliability as a systemic challenge, a unified approach that merges cutting-edge materials, interdisciplinary diagnostic tools, and long-term field validation. This transformation is essential: crystalline silicon modules currently degrade at a median rate of 0.5%/year, and without systemic reliability strategies, cumulative losses over a 25-year lifespan represent a significant threat to the economic viability of utility-scale solar investments.

Source: Next Materials

DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.102587

Authors: Diego Andrés González Sotto, Mohamed Moussa EL IDI, Arnaud Maillard

Institutions: Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, IMT Nord Europe

Language: English

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,280