Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Depressive disorder (DD) is a widespread mental illness that lacks objective diagnostic biomarkers, complicating early detection and personalized treatment. This study investigated the diagnostic value of serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), nerve growth factor (NGF), and their ratio, alongside thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in patients with DD compared to healthy controls. METHODS: A total of 238 participants (118 with DD and 120 controls) were enrolled. Depression severity was assessed using DSM-5 and HAM-D criteria. Serum biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance. RESULTS: < 0.001), resulting in a markedly reduced IFN-γ/NGF ratio. The IFN-γ/NGF ratio achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.858, sensitivity = 82.20%, specificity = 77.50%), outperforming IFN-γ (AUC = 0.766) and NGF (AUC = 0.848) alone. TPOAb and GFAP levels did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION: The IFN-γ/NGF ratio is a promising biomarker for depressive disorder, offering superior diagnostic accuracy over individual immune or neurotrophic markers. This composite index may support more objective and biologically informed diagnosis in clinical psychiatry.
Source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica
Authors: Lei Yi, Chuanqin Liu, Wei Lin, Ni Duan
Institution: Qingdao Mental Health Center
Language: English
Subfield: Biological Psychiatry
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,550
OpenAlex ID: W7165754252
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