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Scaffolding problem-based learning in postgraduate immunology: a pyramidal mind-mapping approach to teaching complex immune mechanisms in COVID-19

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study introduces a pyramidal problem-based learning (PBL) model combined with structured mind mapping for postgraduate immunology, applied for the first time to teaching complex COVID-19 immunity. Early scaffolding of PBL significantly enhanced students' conceptual organization, engagement, and examination performance, with a large measurable effect. These findings provide the first evidence that this interactive, structured approach can accelerate mastery of challenging biomedical content in postgraduate curricula.
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7165877235
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Cites: 17
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