Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: A bstract At finite N the ring of gauge invariant operators is not freely generated. For problems of interest in physics, these rings are Cohen-Macaulay and admit a Hironaka decomposition, in which the full invariant ring is a free module over a polynomial ring generated by the primary invariants. The module basis is given by finitely many secondary invariants. This motivates a physical picture in which the primary invariants are regarded as perturbative degrees of freedom while the secondary invariants are associated with distinguished non-perturbative states or sectors. The purpose of this study is to show that a concrete algebraic version of this picture is visible in simple zero-dimensional matrix integrals.
Source: Journal of High Energy Physics
Authors: Robert de Mello Koch, João P. Rodrigues
Institutions: University of the Witwatersrand, Huzhou Normal University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Award: G3671300128
OpenAlex ID: W7165912375