Online Scenario-Based Training to Strengthen Principals’ Moral Leadership in School Governance: Multi-Site Evidence from Indonesia
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Clinical Trial
Abstract: Integrity risks in Indonesian schools remain high in BOS budgeting, procurement, and transparency, eroding public trust and complicating principals’ decisions. This study designs and evaluates an online scenario-based learning (O-SBL) moral-leadership model focused on school-governance dilemmas involving BOS procedures, vendor relations, conflicts of interest, documentation, and stakeholder disclosure. Using a multi-site quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design, 90 principals completed two core modules followed by four weeks of micro-scenarios. Competence was assessed with a 40-item situational judgment test covering seven integrity and governance domains. Results showed large gains: mean scores increased from 126.24 (SD = 14.01) to 173.52 (SD = 13.79), a 47.28-point (37.45%) improvement; Wilcoxon Z = −8.239, p < .001; 100% of participants improved; effect size r = .87. We conclude that O-SBL, combining authentic cases, structured reflection, and a common feedback rubric, substantially strengthens principals’ moral-leadership competencies across diverse contexts. The model is ready for integration into principal certification and continuing professional development, particularly to enhance BOS transparency, procurement fairness, and stakeholder accountability.
Language: English
Subfield: Information Systems and Management
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7166368534