TGalaxy Rotation and Cosmology (Inference) from Time Gradient
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents a galactic‑scale interpretation of the Time Density Model (TDM), a framework in which all observable quantities arise from integrals of the time‑density field pt. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on geometric distance and dark matter, TDM explains galactic rotation curves through spatial gradients of time density. The mass distribution of a galaxy forms a valley structure in the time‑density landscape, and the gradient of this valley enhances the observed velocity field, producing the characteristic flattening of rotation curves. Diversity among galaxies emerges naturally from differences in their individual time‑density landscapes, even when mass distributions appear similar. Environmental dependence—such as systematic variations between filament and void galaxies—is interpreted as a consequence of large‑scale time‑density gradients imposed by cosmic structures. The model also incorporates the optical displacement of the observer, a small but cumulative shift caused by local time‑density gradients. This displacement introduces subtle time dependence and non‑reproducibility in repeated measurements of rotation curves. By suppressing cosmological expansion effects, this paper focuses on the minimal structure required to explain galactic rotation within TDM. The results suggest that galactic rotation phenomena can be understood without invoking dark matter, providing a unified, gradient‑driven interpretation of velocity fields across diverse galactic environments.
Author: Kaji, Naruhiko
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7166391718
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