Work

Incorporation of iron and zinc–enriched Pleurotus mushrooms into bread towards enhancing nutritional composition, antioxidant activities and probiotics growth

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Food formulation and supplementation are inspiring strategies to promote dietary patterns and therapies to maintain healthy life style. In this study, bread was fortified with mineral-enriched mushrooms powder. Nutritional composition, consumers’ acceptability, antioxidant potentials and probiotics viability with the formulated bread were determined using standard methods. Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostraetus harvested from Fe − and Zn-enriched substrate showed concentration-dependent uptake of Fe and Zn. Bread samples BPPFe 100 and BPOFe 100 had similar ( P > 0.05) iron contents of 16.98 mg/100 g and 17.30 mg/100 g, respectively, while bread without mineral-enriched mushroom had the lowest ( p < 0.05) iron content of 4.44 mg/100 g on dry weight basis (DW). BPPZn 100 and BPOZn 100 had the highest Zn of 24.00 mg/100 g and 24.52 mg/100 g, respectively and these values were higher than bread without mushroom. Protein contents of bread fortified with mushroom and bread with mineral-enriched mushrooms increased up to 16.80–17.10% when compared to unfortified bread (9.30%). PCA biplot associated key amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, serine, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan to bread fortified with Fe − and Zn-enriched mushrooms. The addition of minerals-enriched mushrooms into bread increased the phenolic and flavonoid contents with reduced IC 50 (µg/mL) against 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), iron (Fe 2+ ), and hydroxyl (OH − ) radicals. Incorporation of mineral-enriched edible mushrooms into baked bread enhances its protein, amino acids, and bio-functional activities. Therefore, fortifying bread with Fe and Zn-enriched Pleurotus mushrooms can be an effective strategy to provide functional foods with dietary health benefits to consumers.

Source: Discover Sustainability

DOI: 10.1007/s43621-026-03929-9

Authors: Clement Olusola Ogidi, Adeyanmola Oluwaseyi Faturoti

Institution: Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Fungal Biology and Applications

Subfield: Pharmacology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Zero hunger, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,390