Work

Hybrid steel and carbon fiber reinforcement enhances mechanical performance and sustainability of cementitious composites

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates the synergistic effects of hybrid steel fiber (SF) and carbon fiber (CF) reinforcement on the mechanical, microstructural, and sustainability profiles of cementitious composites. While fiber-reinforced mortars are known for enhanced ductility, the multi-scale interaction between macro-scale SF and micro-scale CF remains under-explored in the context of simultaneous environmental and economic optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid integration of 0.37% SF and 0.10% CF achieves a superior flexural-to-compressive strength ratio, attributed to a hierarchical crack-arrest mechanism. Microstructural analysis via Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirms that CF acts as a pore-refiner, densifying the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Furthermore, a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and cost-efficiency analysis were integrated into a novel 'Performance Index' (PI) to resolve the trade-offs between technical performance and sustainability. The findings reveal that optimized hybrid systems provide a more sustainable alternative to mono-fiber systems, offering a balanced solution for high-performance and eco-friendly construction materials.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-60833-y

Authors: Murat Ozturk, Sebnem Sevil Arpaci

Institutions: Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇, Bursa Technical University

Language: English

Topic: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials

Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,690