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Melatonin Use in Primary Care: Clinical Evidence, Safety Considerations, and Practical Guidance for Family Physicians

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Melatonin is one of the most widely used over-the-counter sleep aids in the United States. Patients frequently self-initiate therapy, often without clinician guidance regarding appropriate dosing, indications, safety, or potential drug interactions. This narrative review summarizes current clinical evidence regarding melatonin’s pharmacology, efficacy across age groups, safety profile, adverse effects, drug interactions, long-term use, cardiovascular considerations, and the role of behavioral therapies for insomnia. Practical recommendations are provided to assist family physicians in counseling patients and making evidence-informed decisions regarding melatonin use.

Source: Texas Family Medicine Research Journal

DOI: 10.65738/001c.163562

Authors: Humza Siddiqi, Anna Wani

Institution: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Language: English

Topic: Circadian rhythm and melatonin

Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems

Field: Neuroscience

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: bronze

OpenAlex ID: W7166879406