Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Why does quantum relative entropy occupy such a privileged role among measures of distinguishability? We show that a single operational principle determines it. If one pair of states can be distinguished at least as successfully as another for every prior, when both are assisted by the same auxiliary pair, acting as a catalyst, a distinguishability measure should assign it no smaller value. Remarkably, for a normalized measure, this requirement singles out Umegaki relative entropy under mild classical continuity and expansibility on uniform distributions: adding impossible outcomes leaves their associated entropy unchanged. Qubit catalysts already suffice. No additivity or quantum continuity is assumed. We also prove that, without auxiliary assistance, respecting binary discrimination dominance uniquely determines the quantum extension of every regular classical divergence, including the Hirche--Tomamichel extensions of classical $f$-divergences. For additive classical divergences, these extensions respect classical catalysis; allowing noncommuting qubit catalysts is what singles out Umegaki relative entropy.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Gour, Gilad
Institution: Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7167261072