Work

Design Rules for Bimetallic and Multimetallic Nanocatalysts Harnessing Synergistic Effects for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells offer a promising route for hydrogen-to-electricity conversion under alkaline conditions, yet the anode hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) remains kinetically sluggish. This Review summarizes key mechanistic views of alkaline HOR, including hydrogen binding, hydroxyl binding, bifunctional effects, and emerging roles of interfacial water and solvation. We highlight experimental tools, such as electrochemical adsorption probes and operando vibrational and X-ray spectroscopies, that reveal potential-dependent surface states and interfacial species. We also discuss theoretical approaches, including density functional theory and data-driven models, for evaluating ensemble effects and elementary reaction barriers. Building on these insights, we outline catalyst design principles for bimetallic and multimetallic nanocatalysts, including high-entropy alloys, emphasizing adsorption-strength tuning, ensemble control, and poisoning tolerance. These discussions provide a basis for rational catalyst optimization under practical alkaline fuel-cell conditions. Finally, we propose six future directions to bridge mechanistic understanding and practical catalyst development for durable, device-relevant alkaline HOR catalysts.

Source: ACS Nanoscience Au

DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.6c00055

Authors: Yun-Shan Tsai, Shang-Cheng Lin, Cheng-Yu Wu, Tung-Han Yang

Institution: National Tsing Hua University

Language: English

Topic: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion

Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Field: Energy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,500