Legal and Institutional Aspects of Improving Sanitary-epidemiological Monitoring in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Context of Digitalization
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the legal and institutional conditions for the transition to digitally integrated sanitary and epidemiological monitoring in Kazakhstan. The study results are geared towards shaping proposals for its improvement in the context of international standards and the concept of «Unified Health». The scientific novelty of the work is determined by an integrated approach combining legal and institutional analysis with the development of a design model for a unified monitoring architecture based on interdepartmental data exchange, the use of machine-readable formats and the introduction of privacy-by-design mechanisms. For the first time in Kazakhstan’s practice, a regulatory framework has been proposed to formalize the models of working with big data, IoT sources, and personal data in the context of sanitary-epidemiological monitoring. The research methodology is based on an analysis of national legislation and international documents, as well as a comparative legal review of practices along six analytical dimensions: legal foundations, data sources, privacy, interoperability, governance, and competencies. The main results of the study show that the current sanitary and epidemiological monitoring system in Kazakhstan is characterized by fragmentation and limited interoperability, which reduces its effectiveness in the face of cross-border threats and climate challenges. As a result of the research, proposals were developed for the regulatory consolidation of digital data management regimes through the integration of health, veterinary, and environmental data. The practical significance of the research lies in formation of a normative and institutional framework for transforming sanitary-epidemiological monitoring from a system of regulatory reporting into a proactive, risk-oriented early warning platform capable of enhancing Kazakhstan’s resilience to biological and environmental threats while ensuring compliance with international standards of privacy and accountability.
Language: English
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7167830926