Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary first molar morphology in a South Indian population
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Root canal morphology often perceived as complex, can be effectively assessed using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In endodontics, CBCT provides high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of root canal systems, enabling the accurate identification of missed canals, complex canal configurations, and associated canal pathologies. The study focuses on accurately determining the root and canal configuration of the maxillary first molars from preexisting CBCT scans. Subjects and Methods: In vivo preexisting CBCTs were taken to examine maxillary first molars ( n = 378). Parameters measured included root length, width of apical foramen, canal configuration based on Vertucci’s classification, and presence of a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test and ANOVA. Results: South Indian population had three roots with a mean root length of 11.25 mm in MB root, 11.63 mm in distobuccal (DB) root, and 11.73 mm in palatal root. The MB root of 55.7% had an MB2 canal. All the canals in MB1, palatal, and DB had Type I canal configuration. Type IV canal is the most common configuration seen among MB2 canal with an incidence of 47.1%. Conclusion: We observed the presence of rare morphological variations in a single root, which have previously been documented only in isolated case reports. The use of CBCT imaging allows for the enhanced visualization of such anatomical complexities, providing deeper insights into root canal morphology, offering enhanced endodontic and improved clinical outcomes.
Institution: Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7169625987