Golden Ratio Eigenvalue Links Hat Monotile to Hexagonal Diffraction — E8 Intelligence Research
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: FINDING: The golden ratio emerges as the dominant eigenvalue of the substitution matrix for the hat monotile inflation rule, linking aperiodic order to pure point diffraction on a hexagonal lattice. MATH: - Substitution matrix eigenvalues: λ₁ = φ ≈ 1.618, λ₂ = 1/φ ≈ 0.618 (from inflation rule of hat monotile). - Fourier transform of the tiling yields pure point diffraction spectrum (Bragg peaks) on the reciprocal hexagonal lattice. - Hexagonal lattice basis vectors: a₁ = (1,0), a₂ = (1/2, √3/2) in 2D; reciprocal lattice vectors satisfy a_i · b_j = 2π δ_ij. - The inflation factor φ relates to the substitution matrix's Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue, governing tile scaling and self-similarity. CONNECTION: - φ = 1.618 and 1/φ = 0.618 are the golden ratio and its reciprocal, directly linking to geometric harmony (pentagonal symmetry, quasicrystals). - Hexagonal lattice symmetry (6-fold) combined with φ-based inflation produces aperiodic order with crystallographic diffraction, a Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
Author: Caldin, Andrew Stewart
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7170072726
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