Work

Who Really Benefits from CPAP? Disease Severity, Response Quality, and Long-Term Survival in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular, respiratory, and all-cause mortality, yet the long-term survival impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains contested, and treatment is usually analysed as a binary exposure rather than by the quality of the response achieved. In a single-centre cohort of 4368 adults referred for polysomnography and followed for 8-20 years (prespecified subgroup with apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15, n = 2304), we applied cause-specific Cox and Fine-Gray competing-risks models, together with machine-learning classifiers, to characterise all-cause, cardiovascular, and pulmonary mortality. CPAP was associated with reduced all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75), cardiovascular (HR 0.75), and pulmonary mortality (HR 0.54), with the benefit confined to severe OSA (HR 0.66) and absent in moderate disease (HR 0.95). Good responders showed a significant 34% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.66), whereas poor responders showed no significant reduction. Nocturnal desaturation (time with oxygen saturation < 90%) was the dominant independent predictor of pulmonary mortality, and baseline features predicted response category only moderately (macro-averaged AUC 0.76). Long-term CPAP confers a severity- and response-dependent survival benefit; nocturnal hypoxaemia is a key, modifiable driver of respiratory death.

Source: Advances in respiratory medicine

DOI: 10.3390/arm94040055

Authors: Wojciech Kuczyński, Karol Pierzchała, Weronika Bielska, Zuzanna Boczar, Aleksandra Kudrycka, Piotr Białasiewicz

Institution: Medical University of Lodz

Language: English

Topic: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research

Subfield: Physiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,568