Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The integration of AI into social structures has exposed fundamental shortcomings in traditional civil liability theories, which struggle to address autonomous action, opaque processes, and fragmented accountability across multiple stakeholders. This study adopts a doctrinal and comparative-analytical method to evaluate modern liability frameworks—including electronic personhood, collective compensation, and hybrid liability—against the limitations of conventional approaches. The findings indicate that dynamic legal personhood, vicarious liability for stakeholders, objective risk thresholds, and expert oversight mechanisms offer coherent pathways to address unclear causation and non-transparent algorithms. The primary contribution is a conditional-pluralism framework that balances victim protection, fair risk allocation, and technological progress, providing practical tools for managing AI-related disputes in an evolving legal landscape. __________
Authors: Abbas Mirshekari, Jamshid Zargari
Institution: University of Tehran
Language: English
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7171837716