Multi-branch classification of diffuse cluster radio emission from the LOFAR two-metre sky survey
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Context. Galaxy clusters sometimes host synchrotron radiation on scales of ∼100 kpc to ∼1 Mpc, with a surface brightness only a few times the image noise. This diffuse cluster radio emission is a sensitive probe of magnetic fields and intracluster medium dynamics, but disentangling the underlying physical processes requires statistically large samples spanning a wide range of cluster masses, dynamical states, and redshifts, together with a sufficient sensitivity to low-surface-brightness emission. Aims. We explore two techniques for improving the detection of diffuse emission in galaxy cluster images, relative to a baseline classifier: the scattering transform (ST) and squeeze-excitation (SE) attention. Methods. We integrated an ST encoder into a dual-branch classifier (DualSSN) and a scattering network (ScatterNet). We incorporated SE attention into the DualSSN and dual-branch convolutional neural network (DualCSN). These classifiers were then benchmarked against a simple convolutional neural network (CNN), across ten image pre-processing configurations and three cropping strategies. Performance was evaluated on small labelled datasets from the second data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey overlapping with the Second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich sources (LoTSS-DR2/PSZ2). Results. Alongside the multi-branch approach with SE and ST, cropping the image to a fixed number of telescope beams and uv tapering (smoothing to a coarser angular resolution) improve classification performance, while stacking multiple pre-processed versions of an image does not. Conclusions. Scattering-transform-based multi-branch architectures with beam-normalised cropping are a promising direction for diffuse emission classification in the SKA era.
Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Authors: Markus Bredberg, Emma Tolley
Institution: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,865
OpenAlex ID: W7201873393