Design methodology of hybrid-type microwave kinetic inductance detectors toward ground-based mm-submm observations
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Context. Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting detectors that have the potential to contribute to the construction of over 10 000 pixel cameras required for mm and submm astronomical observations over the next decade. One of the issues related to its application is two-level-system (TLS) noise that creates a 1/ f term in the power spectrum density (PSD) of the detectors. A hybrid-type MKID has been proposed for TLS noise suppression without affecting the MKID performance. In this paper, we present a systematic method to model a hybrid-type MKID for mitigating TLS noise while achieving high sensitivity. Aims. Previous studies have shown that TLS noise in MKIDs depends on the sampling frequency, internal power, device geometry, and temperature. The strength of the electrical field distribution along the resonator line also affects the TLS noise properties. Based on this knowledge, we constructed a noise model of a hybrid-type MKID. Methods. Using this model, we designed MKIDs for the cosmic microwave background radiation experiment, GroundBIRD. We evaluated the 1/ f noise properties and NET of the fabricated devices using the on-site measurements. Based on the NET measurements, we can confirm that the white noise of fabricated detectors is limited by atmospheric photon noise. From the 1/ f noise measurements, we also confirm that it is possible to reach an atmospheric photon noise limit down to a low sampling frequency (i.e., of a few Hz) at the typical observation conditions from Teide observatory. Results. We confirm the design methodology we propose for hybrid-type MKID works well in optimizing the TLS model to the hybrid-type MKID, as evidenced by performance verification measurements carried out in the laboratory and on site.
Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Institutions: Tohoku University, Space Research Organisation Netherlands, Delft University of Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Kyoto University, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Imperial College London, Korea University, University of Cologne
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,865
Awards: Investigation of Inflation Cosmology with Ground-based Experiment of Large-angle Distribution of CMB B-mode Polarization, Searching for PGWs with CMB exoeriments and their application for time-domain astronomy, G2567827663, Probing the origin of the universe using the largest CMB telescope arrays to date, G3174269799, Unveiling the Creation of the Universe through a Revisit of the E-mode Polarization of the CMB: The Fastest Scan Modulation and 8-Band Observation, Establishment of 8-band observation method for CMB and its foreground radiation toward determination of absolute Neutrino mass, High-Precision Primordial Gravitational Wave Observation Using Drones, G6861392979, G7684323217
OpenAlex ID: W7172211541