Work

Silver Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Monitoring and Treatment of Hospital Wastewater: Focus on Rare Earth Elements and Radiopharmaceutical Residues from Nuclear Medicine Department

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Hospital wastewater has begun to act as an important source of emerging contaminants, including rare earth elements (REEs), mostly lanthanides, and radiopharmaceutical residues originating from diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. The increasing use of gadolinium-based contrast agents, lutetium-containing therapeutics, technetium-99m tracers, iodine-131, yttrium-90, and gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals has raised growing concerns regarding the release of radioactive and metal-containing compounds into aquatic environments. Conventional wastewater treatment plants are often inefficient in removing these contaminants because of their high chemical stability, low environmental concentrations, and complex aqueous speciation. In this context, hybrid nanomaterials containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted increasing interest for both monitoring and remediation applications. AgNP-based systems exhibit unique plasmonic, catalytic, antimicrobial, and sensing properties that can be exploited in adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane filtration, electrochemical detection, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This review critically analyzes recent advances in hospital wastewater treatment and how hybrid nanomaterials containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging. The review places a particular focus on contamination by REEs and radiopharmaceuticals residues, which to date, as far as we know, remains a challenging and understudied aspect, as reflected by limited publications.

Source: Applied Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/app16157720

Authors: Alessandro Ovis, Ilaria Maria De Giorgio, Sofia Lemaire, Giovanna Iucci, Chiara Battocchio, Iole Venditti

Institution: Roma Tre University

Language: English

Topic: Environmental remediation with nanomaterials

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Clean water and sanitation, Responsible consumption and production, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896