A Hybrid PSO–Fifth-Order Iterative Technique for Nonlinear Systems with Applications in Biological Models
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Nonlinear systems of equations arise in a wide range of applications in engineering, physics, and biological modeling; however, classical Newton-type methods may fail when the initial approximation lies outside the basin of attraction of the desired solution. This work proposes a two-stage hybrid framework that couples Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for global exploration with the fifth-order Newton-Jarratt (NJN) iterative method for local refinement. The fifth-order convergence of the NJN phase, established through a complete Fréchet-derivative Taylor expansion with explicitly computed error constants, guarantees rapid local convergence once PSO delivers a sufficiently close starting point. The framework is validated on four test problems of increasing dimension (n=2,5,20,40): a two-dimensional benchmark algebraic system, a five-dimensional metabolic network model for ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two large-scale systems arising from the discretization of a Hammerstein nonlinear integral equation. Over 30 independent runs per method, PSO-NJN achieves a 100% convergence rate in all four problems, with mean final residuals on the order 10−14-10−16. In comparison, pure PSO fails completely (0% success) on the high-dimensional Hammerstein cases (n=20,40) and achieves only 10% success on the metabolic model. These results confirm that combining global metaheuristic search with high-order local refinement yields a robust, scalable solver suitable for complex biological and engineering nonlinear systems.
Source: Mathematics
DOI: 10.3390/math14152775
Authors: Santiago Quinga, Nury Ortiz, Moisés Quinga, Adriana Tapia, Darwin Socasi
Language: English
Subfield: Numerical Analysis
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W7172310263
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