Figure 7 from Glioblastoma Subtypes Exhibit Distinct Migration Mechanics and Immune Responses
Year: 2026
Type: other
Abstract: NRAS/mesenchymal tumors are immunologically “hot” and PDGF/proneural tumors are immunologically “cold,” consistent with human GBM subtypes. A and B, Clustering analysis of immune activators and suppressors previously reported in human GBM (Doucette and colleagues; ref. 24). Similar to mesenchymal GBM, NRAS/mesenchymal tumors have elevated immune activator and suppressor expression relative to normal brain tissue and PDGF/proneural tumors. C, Expression of immune cell surface marker genes in mouse (top) and human (bottom) tumors shows elevated expression in NRAS/mesenchymal tumors and human mesenchymal GBM tumors relative to PDGF/proneural and human proneural GBM tumors. D, IHC confirms elevated immune cell infiltration in NRAS tumors and associated elevation of immune-mediated killing of tumor cells. E–H, Quantification of IHC images using a k-means clustering algorithm. Solid and dashed lines represent the mean and median values, respectively. Error bars represent the SEM. +, P < 0.05; *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001; ****, P < 0.00001. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA.
Authors: Ghaidan A. Shamsan, Chao J. Liu, Brooke C. Braman, Ruyi Li, Susan K. Rathe, Aaron L. Sarver, Nima Ghaderi, Mariah McMahon, Rebecca L. Klank, Barbara R. Tschida, S. Joseph McFarren, Pamela C. Rosato, David Masopust, Jann N. Sarkaria, H. Brent Clark, Steven Rosenfeld, David A. Largaespada, David J. Odde
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W7202166195
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