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Measurement Tools for Presenteeism in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review

Year: 2026

Type: preprint

Abstract: Presenteeism, or working while unwell, contributes to productivity loss and has growing relevance in health economics and policy. While several questionnaires exist to measure presenteeism, most were developed in high-income countries, raising questions about their appropriateness in LMICs. To date, no review has consolidated which tools are used in LMICs, leaving a critical evidence gap. The objective of this scoping review is to map the presenteeism measurement tools applied in LMIC settings, with the aim of identifying which instruments are most frequently used. This review will include studies of any design that measure presenteeism in LMICs, regardless of population, occupation, or health condition. Studies not measuring presenteeism through a tool, or conducted exclusively in high-income countries without separate LMIC data, will be excluded.

Source: OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)

Authors: Yeji Baek, Melanie Lloyd, Zanfina Ademi, Lailaturrahmi, Rizka Prita Yuliani

Language: English

Topic: Workplace Health and Well-being

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7202322914

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